Actuation test equipment index testing kaplan turbines. In the overall assessment of a low head project, the application of bulbpit turbines results in higher annual energy and lower relative construction costs. Classification of turbines the low head kaplan turbine at the jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan is a micro hydro power turbine. The pelton wheel turbine is invented by lester allan pelton, an american engineer. Having analysed the data for different types of turbines received from the manufacturers, the following formulae were derived. It is this impellers shape that predicts its flow and head characteristics so that the designer can then select a pump or turbine most appropriate for a. It is an axialflow turbine, which means that the flow direction does not change as it crosses the rotor. Rocket turbine design emphasizes power density, because of the overriding concern for mass saving. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. The kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Some manufacturers have tested their pumps as turbines. This turbine was developed in the year 19 by viktor kaplan, who was a austrian professor. The saxo turbine an interesting selection for reliable and e. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. The andritz hydro kaplan turbine is utilized on a low head application with up to 90 m and a unit output of up to more than 230 mw. Now in this class we will discuss the governing, the basic principles of governing of reaction turbine, both radial flow or axial flow.
Layout of kaplan turbine at jhang branch canal in punjab, pakistan. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Mod01 lec09 introduction to reaction type of hydraulic turbine a. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. The speed ratio and flow ratio of the turbine are 2 and 0. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station.
The kaplan is of the propellertype, similar to an airplanepropeller. Water turbines are classified into 2 typesimpulse type. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. The pelton wheel or pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine used for high heads of water. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. The difference in the pressure of water when the entrance to the turbine and exists to the turbine after striking the runner blades is too high, due to more amount of pressure difference, the air molecules which are relatively at high pressure then the water comes out, enters the turbine casing in the form of bubbles. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Pumps, turbines, and pipe networks, part 2 ch 11 young. Accurate modeling of kaplan turbine regulating system is of great significance for grid security and stability analysis. Where the supply is low it is usual to have an open flume supply with a short pinstock e. Water director nozzle the theory about the cross flow turbine shows that the.
Turbine speci c speed concepts the turbine speci c speed is a quantity derived from dimensional analysis. Kaplan turbine is recommended for the small hydropower development of the river ethiope. The kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine with 4 to 7 adjustable blades. Radical flow turbines are those turbines in which the water flows in radial direction.
Outlet draft tube outlet runner inlet runner outlet. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. Hydraulic structure, turbine, hydropower, retscreen, kaplan and propeller. Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. Assuming that the hydraulic efficiency is 90% and the mechanical efficiency is 99%, determine. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. A smallscale kaplan turbine has a power output of 8 mw, an available head at turbine entry of. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Kaplan turbine is designed for low water head applications. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles. No direct correlation between pump characteristics and turbine characteristics. Turbine itself means a thing which rotates or spins. The pressure energy at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. The water which is not durt free can cause extremely rapid wear in a high head francis turbine.
In this paper, kaplan turbine regulating system model is divided into the governor system model, the blade control system model, and the turbine and water diversion system model. The efficiency of the kaplan turbine is very high as compares with other types of hydraulic turbines. Specific speed is an index used to predict desired pump or turbine performance. N speed in rpm n speed in rpm q discharge in us gallons per minute q discharge in. Modelling and analysis of a very low head kaplan turbine. Consider the following statements in respect of kaplan turbine.
Note that this analysis is approximate and is useful for a. The kaplan turbine is a propellertype water turbine which has adjustable blades. Lecture 26 lecture 27 lecture 28 lecture 29 lecture 30 lecture 31. In 19 kaplan designed a propeller turbine, named kaplan turbine. A kaplan turbine designed for 15 mw at 250 rpm has a specific speed of. These are supplied in full kaplan, semi kaplan propeller s type tubular kaplan configurations. Francis turbines, pelton turbines, flow through kaplin turbine, performance parameters of kaplan turbine.
The kaplan turbine has its particularity, and the oncam relationship between the wicket gate. Apr 08, 2015 the kaplan turbine is a water turbine which has adjustable blades and is used for low heads and high discharges. Mat hydro provide high machine efficiency with cost effective solution to our customers. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable blades. Some features of the low head kaplan turbine are the following turbine runner diameter d 1. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. The inlet is a scrollshaped tube that wraps around the turbine s. Very simple kaplan turbine design grant ingram 30th january 2007 nomenclature b blade height g gravitational acceleration h head k loss coe.
Typical crosssection of the saxo turbine water passage fig. Kaplan turbines are characterized by adjustable runner blades and wicket gates which enable them to deliver efficient output over a wide range of heads and discharge. Turbine classification action of water through turbine runners. How to draw a velocity triangle for various pumps or. Hydropower turbines are in two types as impulse and reaction where kaplan turbine is a reaction type which was invented in 19. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. Diameter of the turbine housing for vertical turbines. Kaplan turbine is a low headturbine and used for heads ofless than 80 meters.
The degree of efficiency is very high with more than 95 %. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. Reaction turbine francis, kaplan and propeller turbine. The inlet guidevanes can be opened and closed to regulate the amount of flow that can pass through the turbine. A kaplan turbine working under a net head of 12 m develops 10 mw power. The flow rate and head are given h 1 m q 28,5 m3s p 288 mw 2. Efficiency, while clearly a consideration, takes a less prominent role than in aircraft turbine design. This is because it will influence the secondary flow in the radial direction main dimension of a kaplan turbine n o q. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Pump as turbine 18 centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines.
A kaplan turbine is basically a propeller with adjustable blades inside a tube. A kaplan turbine designed with a shape factor power specific speed of 3. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical. Runner is fitted to the generator shaft or a 3 or 4 4bearing turbine generator arrangement. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power.
Kaplan turbines hydro turbines manufacturers in india. Experiences show that investors of hydropower plants. Instead of displacing the water axially using shaft power and creating axial thrust, the axial force of water acts on the blades of kaplan turbine and generating shaft power. The general shape of the rotor is standard for a cross flow turbine. A tube or passage having gradually increasing crosssection. Dec 29, 2017 explained about the need and working of kaplan turbine. It was developed in 19 by austrian professor viktor kaplan, who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level the kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. This requires that the runner should admit a comparatively large quantity of. The runner of a kaplan turbine resembles with propeller of a ship. Kaplan turbine the kaplan turbine is a greatdevelopment of early 19thcentury. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof.
Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. Shaft power this is the mechanical, power output of the turbine shaft. The efficiency of turbines turbines machines fluid. Hydraulic turbines transfer the energy from a flowing fluid to a rotating shaft. Hydraulic turbines pelton wheel, francis turbine and kaplan turbine. The position of the shaft is only in the vertical direction. Submerged kaplan turbines represent the evolution of kaplan turbines and they are thought to minimize the environmental impact by power plants. Dynamic model of kaplan turbine regulating system suitable. Kaplan turbine has propeller like blades but works just reverse. The vertical configuration of the kaplan turbine allows for larger runner diameters above 10 m and increased unit power, as compared to bulb turbines. Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine. Which of the following hydraulic turbines are reaction turbine. Our kaplan turbines also keep the environment in mind.
This category of hydraulic turbines has the flow path of the. In this arrangement the head is the vertical height from the water level in the fore bay to the level in the ail race. As a spiral casing is stranded, the runner is not simply available. Most of the turbines developed earlier were suitable for large heads of water. Nt where t is the torque in nm and n is the speed of rotation in revs diagram power. Although there are some disadvantages of the kaplan turbine and those are. For larger heads the pinstock is longer and there is a smaller throughput of water e. Kaplan turbine propeller turbine kaplan turbine is a type of propeller turbine which was developed during 1900s by the austrian engineer victor kaplan 1876 1934 kaplan turbine is a low head turbine and used for heads of less than 80 metres. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace.
Which of the following is an example of an impulse turbine. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and automatically adjusted wicket gates to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow and water level. Also, there are some disadvantages of francis turbine and those are listed below. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate. The supplier company is located in new delhi, delhi and is one of the leading sellers of listed products.
With a double regulation system, kaplan turbines provide high efficiency over a broad range of configurations. Kaplan turbines are commonly employed for sites having high discharge and low head. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Lecture 29 lecture 30 lecture 31 lecture 32 module 6 module 7.
General arrangement of kaplan 1 introduction this short note indicates how a preliminary design of an axail. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. The kaplan turbine with its adjustable guide vanes and runner blade allows for the optimal of varying water flow for lower heads and larger discharges. Turbine types impulse turbine pelton turgo wheel crossflow reaction turbine propeller 30 bulb straflo tube kaplan francis kinetic images of turbines removed due to restrictions. Typical operation range of the saxo, kaplan and tubular turbines vious two decades see table 1. To know more about what are hydraulic turbines, what is the working principle of hydraulic turbines and how are they classified, read on through this article series. Very simple kaplan turbine design durham university. The relationship between the costs of kaplan type turbines c k and a flow rate q in m 3 s indicated two different bands. Kaplan turbine are best suited for large flow and low head applications.